Application of cocrystal separation technology in the separation and purification of genistein-puerarin-daidzein ternary system / 药学学报

Cocrystal separation technology is a technology that utilizes coformers to selectively form cocrystals with target compounds and separate them from mixed systems. Our study used puerarin (PUE), daidzein (DDZ), and genistein (GEN) as model drugs, which have similar structures and are the main isoflavones in Pueraria lobata root. The separation and purification processes in the modern traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of these three components use conventional column chromatography, recrystallization, and other technologies, which have the issues of lengthy separation cycles, high solvent consumption, and inefficient preparation. Different with existing separation technology, our team used the early-found cocrystal separation method to design a step-by-step extraction and separation experiment of GEN-PUE-DDZ ternary mixture. Caffeine and L-proline were added to the mixed system in turn, GEN-caffeine cocrystal and PUE-proline cocrystal were prepared by suspension method. The cocrystals precipitated out of the solution. The purities of the GEN-caffeine cocrystal and the PUE-proline cocrystal could achieve 93% (the purity of GEN) and 99% (the purity of PUE). Besides, the purity of DDZ could also be increased by 6.76 times. This study proposed a simple operating, low cost and wide application range separation method different from the traditional separation method and realized the separation of structurally similar chemical components in TCM, laying a foundation for the application of cocrystal technology in the separation and refining of TCM.

Vasectomy reversal in China during the recent decade: insights from a multicenter retrospective investigation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To date, there is little information about the demography of vasectomy reversal (VR) patients or the factors currently influencing VR effectiveness in China, especially after the universal two-child policy was released in 2015. In this research, demographic data and perioperative medical records of VR patients were extracted from seven major hospitals in different provinces or municipalities of China. Meanwhile, a telephone survey of the patients was conducted to collect follow-up information. Eventually, 448 VR cases from the past 13 years were included. The results were analyzed by stratified comparison to investigate factors that can influence postoperative vas deferens patency and pregnancy rate. Appropriately statistical methods were used, and all of the protocols were approved by the Ethics Committees of the institutes in this research. The results showed that the annual operation volume of VR quadrupled after the two-child policy was implemented. Nonmicrosurgery and a long duration of vasectomy were significantly associated with a lower patency rate. A follow-up survey showed that the general postoperative pregnancy rate was 27.2%. For female partners over the age of 35 years, the postoperative pregnancy rate showed a more severe decline, but only 35.5% of them had been given a fertility examination before their husbands' VR surgery. Our work revealed that more patients in China have been demanding VR in recent years. High-quality microsurgery and a short duration of vasectomy are crucial for restoring patency by VR. Clinical andrologists should perform a preoperative fertility evaluation of the patients' female partners.

Panax notoginseng saponins prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer via inhibition IDO1 mediated immune regulation / 中国天然药物

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A key driver of CRC development is colon inflammatory responses especially in patients with inflammatory bowl disease (IBD). It has been proved that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor effects. The chemopreventive and immunomodulatory functions of PNS on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been evaluated.This present study was designed to study the potential protective effects of PNS on AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice to explore the possible mechanism of PNS against CAC. Our study showed that PNS significantly alleviated colitis severity and prevented the occurrence of CAC. Functional assays revealed that PNS relieved immunosuppression of Treg cells in the CAC microenvironment by inhibiting the expression of IDO1 mediated directly by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) rather than phosphorylated STAT1. Ultimately, Rh1, one of the PNS metabolites, exhibited the best inhibitory effect on IDO1 enzyme activity. Our study showed that PNS exerted significant chemopreventive function and immunomodulatory properties on CAC. It could reduce macrophages accumulation and Treg cells differentiation to reshape the immune microenvironment of CAC. These findings provided a promising approach for CAC intervention.

The imaging characteristics and prognosis of patients with cochlear implants whose cochlear nerves are not shown on MRI / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the temporal bone CT and inner ear magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of cochlear implant patients with no cochlear nerve display in the inner auditory canal under MRI. To retrospectively analyze the long-term hearing and speech rehabilitation effects of such patients after cochlear implant. And to analyze the correlation between the results of imaging examinations and the postoperative effects of cochlear implant patients with this type of cochlear nerve deficiency. Methods: A total of 88 children with cochlear nerve deficiency, who underwent cochlear implantation in Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital from May 2014 to October 2018, were enrolled. Patients with cochlear malformations were excluded,only the patients with cochlear nerve deficiency whose cochlear structure was normal and no cochlear nerve displayed in inner auditory canal under MRI were enrolled. There were 64 patients, including 4 bilaterally implanted, 68 ears in total, with an average age of (2.8±1.7) years (range 1-6 years) at the time of implantation. The implanted product was Cochlear, including 24RECA and 512 models. All patients underwent inner ear magnetic resonance imaging and temporal bone CT scan before operation. Auditory speech function assessments were performed at 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months after surgery, including categories of auditory performance (CAP), speech intelligibility rating (SIR) and hearing aid threshold test. The imaging evaluation content included the width of the cochlear nerve canal of temporal bone CT, the width of the internal auditory canal, the width of the auditory nerve at the cerebellopontine angle of the inner ear MRI, and the ratio of the facial nerve to the width of the auditory nerve at the cerebellopontine angle. The correlations between the results of postoperative hearing aid hearing threshold, CAP, SIR and imaging results were analyzed. Results: Among the 64 cases of cochlear nerve not shown under MRI, 56 ears with CT data showed that the width of the cochlear nerve canal in temporal bone CT was (0.72±0.30) mm (mean±standard deviation, the same below), and the width of the internal auditory canal was (4.07±1.10) mm; 66 ears with MRI data showed that the diameter of the auditory nerve at the cerebellopontine angle of the inner ear MRI was (1.58±0.27) mm, the diameter of the facial nerve was (1.57±0.27) mm, and the ratio of the diameter of the facial nerve to the auditory nerve was (1.02±0.23). The average hearing thresholds at 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery were (46.8±2.5) dB HL, (40.7±0.8) dB HL, and (36.8±1.5) dB HL, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative CAP scores at 12, 24 and 36 months were (1.0±1.0), (3.8±1.4), (4.5±1.4) and (5.1±0.7) points, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative SIR scores at 12, 24, and 36 months were (1.1±0.3), (1.9±0.9), (2.5±0.9), and (2.9±0.6) points, respectively. The hearing threshold at 24 months after surgery was negatively correlated with the width of the internal auditory canal of temporal bone CT (r=-0.349, P=0.037), and the hearing threshold at 36 months after surgery was positively correlated with the ratio of the diameter of the facial nerve to the auditory nerve at the cerebellopontine angle of the inner ear MRI (r=0.740, P=0.001). Conclusions: Children with cochlear implants whose cochlear nerves are not shown on MRI can benefit from cochlear implantation, and their speech and auditory functions can improve significantly after surgery. The width of the internal auditory canal in the temporal bone CT and the ratio of the diameter of the facial nerve to the auditory nerve at the cerebellopontine angle of the inner ear MRI may be related to the long-term hearing threshold after surgery.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Toutongning Capsules in treatment of tension-type headache / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Toutongning Capsules in the treatment of tension-type headache(TTH), so as to provide a corresponding basis for clinical treatment. Eight commonly used medical research databases and two clinical trial registration systems were retrieved with the time interval from the establishment of the database or system to November 2020. The randomized controlled trials of Toutongning Capsules in the treatment of TTH were screened out according to the pre-set criteria. The quality of the included papers was evaluated by the bias risk assessment tool in Cochrane Reviewers Handbook 6.1 and the data were statistically analyzed by RevMan v5.4 provided by Cochrane collaboration. A total of 13 studies were included and the quality of methodology was generally low. Meta-analysis showed that Toutongning Capsules assisted with western medicine therapy can effectively reduce the pain intensity(MD_(VAS)=-1.94,95%CI[-2.50,-1.38],P<0.000 01;MD_(NRS)=-0.83,95%CI[-0.86,-0.80],P<0.000 01), headache duration(SMD=-0.98,95%CI[-1.17,-0.79],P<0.000 01), headache frequency(MD=-1.01,95%CI[-1.16,-0.85],P<0.000 01), headache index(MD=-11.13,95%CI[-12.10,-10.16],P<0.000 01), anxiety and depression scale score(MD_(HAMA)=-4.02,95%CI[-6.58,-1.46],P=0.002;MD_(HAMD)=-2.67,95%CI[-4.04,-1.29],P=0.000 1), while Toutongning Capsules as monotherapy only reduced the headache score(MD=-2.24,95%CI[-2.97,-1.51],P<0.000 01). The available clinical studies demonstrate that Toutongning Capsules combined with western medicine in the treatment of TTH can improve the related outcome indicators, but the clinical safety and efficacy of Toutongning Capsules alone remain unclear. Due to the small number and low quality of the included studies, large-sample, multi-center, high-quality and strictly designed randomized controlled trials are still needed to verify the clinical efficacy in the future.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of gastrodin in treatment of tension-type headache / 中国中药杂志

The efficacy of gastrodin as a Chinese herbal medicine extract in the treatment of tension-type headache has been confirmed. This paper systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of gastrodin in the treatment of tension-type headache, aiming to provide a new choice for the treatment of this disease. In this study, four Chinese databases, four English databases and two trial registries were searched from the date of establishment to September 2020. The related randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were screened out according to the predetermined criteria. The bias risk assessment tool developed by Cochrane collaboration was used to evaluate the quality of the reports. RevMan 5.4.1 was used for Meta-analysis, and GRADE system for the evidence-based evaluation on the quality of outcome indicators. A total of 177 articles were retrieved and 8 articles were finally included for analysis, with a total sample size of 1 091 cases, which included 565 cases in the treatment group and 526 cases in the control group. The overall quality of included stu-dies was not high. The results of Meta-analysis are as follows:(1)In terms of headache frequency, gastrodin group was better than wes-tern medicine group(MD=-2.90, 95%CI[-3.76,-2.03], P<0.000 01).(2)In terms of number of abnormal blood vessels in TCD, gastrodin group was better than western medicine group(MD=-88.96, 95%CI[-102.36,-75.55], P<0.000 01).(3)In terms of effective rate, gastrodin group was better than western medicine group(RR=1.47, 95%CI[1.29, 1.68], P<0.000 01). The results of subgroup analysis are as follows:(1)Effective rate based on age, for the patients upper age limit 40-46 years old, gastro-din group was better than western medicine group(RR=1.69, 95%CI[1.50, 1.90], P<0.000 01); for the patients upper age limit 55-60 years old, gastrodin group was better than western medicine group(RR=1.27, 95%CI[1.16, 1.38], P<0.000 01).(2)Effective rate based on dosage form, both the gastrodin capsules and injection groups were better than western medicine group(RR_(capsules)=1.42, 95%CI[1.08, 1.88], P=0.01; RR_(injection)=1.50, 95%CI[1.26, 1.77], P<0.000 01). GRADE evaluation showed that the above outcomes had low quality of evidence. Only one article detailed the occurrence of adverse reactions and thus the present study cannot make a positive conclusion on the safety of gastrodin in the treatment of tension-type headache. The small number and low quality of the included reports affected the reliability of the results. In the future, more high-quality randomized controlled trails are needed to improve the evaluation on the efficacy and safety of gastrodin in the treatment of tension-type headache.

Outcome indicators in randomized controlled trials on traditional Chinese medicine intervention for tension-type headache in recent five years / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the application of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) concerning the treatment of tension-type headache(TTH) with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in recent five years, so as to provide a basis for the study of core outcome set(COS) for TCM intervention in TTH. The RCTs on TCM treatment of TTH in recent five years were systematically retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, EMbase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and China Clinical Trial Registry. After literature screening, data extraction and evaluation of the risk of bias, the outcome indicators in the included RCTs were subjected to qualitative analysis. The preliminary search yielded 19 042 articles, and 10 983 were left after the elimination of duplication. Finally, 52 RCTs(48 in Chinese and 4 in English) were included for qualitative analysis. The outcome indicators of RCTs included in this study were classified into seven domains: TCM syndrome, symptom and sign, physical and chemical detection, quality of life, long-term prognosis, economic evaluation, and safety event. The findings demonstrated that headache characteristic index in the symptom and sign domain was the index with the highest reporting frequency and reporting rate. Seventeen RCTs used TCM syndrome score as the outcome indicator. Further analysis revealed that there existed such problems in research design as non-distinction between primary and secondary outcome indicators, great difference in the adopted measurement tools for outcome indicators, and the neglect of measurement time of outcome indicators. Moreover, the syndrome indicators reflecting TCM advantages, objective evaluation indicators, safety and health-economic indicators were lacking. These limitations have affected the quality and reliability of RCTs on TTH treatment with TCM. It is suggested that the efficacy and characteristics of TCM should be combined into current clinical research, and the COS in RCTs regarding TCM treatment of TTH should be established according to internationally recognized standard procedures.

Research progress on chemical compositions and pharmacological action of Drynariae Rhizoma / 中国中药杂志

Drynariae Rhizoma is warm in nature and bitter in taste, mainly acting on liver and kidney systems. It is a common Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fracture and bone injury. The chemical compositions of Drynariae Rhizoma mainly include flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids and lignans. At present, modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that Drynariae Rhizoma has the effects of anti osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, kidney protection, anti-inflammatory, promoting tooth growth, preventing and treating aminoglycoside ototoxicity and lowering blood lipid. In addition, the toxicity evaluation experiment of Drynariae Rhizoma has also shown that it has no obvious toxic and side effects. Naringin is a kind of dihydroflavone in Drynariae Rhizoma. Many studies have shown that naringin and other total flavonoids play an important role in anti-osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, anti-inflammation, promoting tooth growth and lowering blood lipid. In this study, the research progresses on chemical consti-tuents and pharmacological activities of Drynariae Rhizoma in recent years were reviewed, and some mechanisms of action were summarized, to provide references for the further research and development of Drynariae Rhizoma.

Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 hosted in Ceriops tagal / 中国中药杂志

Nine secondary metabolites(S)-5-hydroxy-4-methylchroman-2-one(1), 4-methoxynaphthalene-1,5-diol(2), 8-methoxynaphthalene-1,7-diol(3), 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene(4),(2R,4S)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol(5),(2R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol(6), 7-O-α-D-ribosyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-chromen-4-one(7),(R)-3-methoxyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-butan-1-one(8) and helicascolide A(9) were isolated from endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 by using column chromatographies of silica gel and ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were analyzed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data, especially NMR and MS. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by examining the inhibitory activities on nitric oxide(NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 2-4 showed inhibitory activities.

Multidetector CT Characteristics of Fumarate HydrataseDeficient Renal Cell Carcinoma and Papillary Type II Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective@#To investigate the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) features of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) with germline or somatic mutations, and compare them with those of papillary type II RCC (pRCC type II). @*Materials and Methods@#A total of 24 patients (mean ± standard deviation, 40.4 ± 14.7 years) with pathologically confirmed FH-deficient RCC (15 with germline and 9 with somatic mutations) and 54 patients (58.6 ± 12.6 years) with pRCC type II were enrolled. The MDCT features were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two entities and mutation subgroups, and were correlated with the clinicopathological findings. @*Results@#All the lesions were unilateral and single. Compared with pRCC type II, FH-deficient RCC was more prevalent among younger patients (40.4 ± 14.7 vs. 58.6 ± 12.6, p < 0.001) and tended to be larger (8.1 ± 4.1 vs. 5.4 ± 3.2, p = 0.002). Cystic solid patterns were more common in FH-deficient RCC (20/24 vs. 16/54, p < 0.001), with 16 of the 20 (80.0%) cystic solid tumors having showed typical polycystic and thin smooth walls and/or septa, with an eccentric solid component. Lymph node (16/24 vs. 16/54, p = 0.003) and distant (11/24 vs. 3/54, p < 0.001) metastases were more frequent in FH-deficient RCC. FHdeficient RCC and pRCC type II showed similar attenuation in the unenhanced phase. The attenuation in the corticomedullary phase (CMP) (76.3% ± 25.0% vs. 60.2 ± 23.6, p = 0.008) and nephrographic phase (NP) (87.7 ± 20.5, vs. 71.2 ± 23.9, p = 0.004), absolute enhancement in CMP (39.0 ± 24.8 vs. 27.1 ± 22.7, p = 0.001) and NP (50.5 ± 20.5 vs. 38.2 ± 21.9, p = 0.001), and relative enhancement ratio to the renal cortex in CMP (0.35 ± 0.26 vs. 0.24 ± 0.19, p = 0.001) and NP (0.43 ± 0.24 vs. 0.29 ± 0.19, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in FH-deficient RCC. No significant difference was found between the FH germline and somatic mutation subgroups in any of the parameters. @*Conclusion@#The MDCT features of FH-deficient RCC were different from those of pRCC type II, whereas there was no statistical difference between the germline and somatic mutation subgroups. A kidney mass with a cystic solid pattern and metastatic tendency, especially in young patients, should be considered for FH-deficient RCC.

Role of MiR-20a-3p in Axonal Repair in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective:To study the molecular biology mechanisms of Wistar rats after spinal cord injury, and find out key microRNAs. Methods:A total of 15 Wistar rats were divided into control group (<italic>n</italic> = 3) and spinal cord injury group (<italic>n</italic> = 12). The latter group was divided into four hours, three days, seven days and 14 days subgroups, with three rats in each subgroup. Microarray 3.0 was used to investigate microRNA expression profiles of Wistar rats with spinal cord injury. Bioinformatics was used to predict microRNAs playing key regulatory roles, and to predict target genes. Reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to detect the expression of miR-20a-3p. Western blotting was employed to detect the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 level. The correlation between target protein and microRNA expression trend in each group was analyzed. The key microRNA was inhibited in the neurons. The relationship between target protein expression and axon growth was observed with immunofluorescence. Results:In the rats with spinal cord injury, totally 658 microRNAs had changed at least once. In all the altered microRNAs, miR-20a-3p was upregulated obviously. It predicted that the target gene of miR-20a-3p was STAT3 via application of bioinformatics analysis. The expression trend of STAT 3 and miR-20a-3p in spinal cord was opposite. After the inhibition of miR-20a-3p, the expression of STAT3 in neurons was unregulated and axonal growth was extended. Conclusion:The upregulation of miR-20a-3p leads to downregulation of STAT3, and miR-20a-3p is one of the key targets in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

Effect of Group Occupational Training Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of group occupational training based on cognitive behavior on patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Methods:From May, 2018 to March, 2019, 56 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment were randomly divided into control group (n = 29) and experimental group (n = 27). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, and the experimental group received group occupational therapy, three times a week, for twelve times. They were assessed with Montreal Cognition Assessment (MoCA), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Short Form of Health Survey (SF-36) before and after intervention. Results:The scores of MoCA, MBI and SF-36 increased in both groups after intervention (t > 2.275, P < 0.05), and their difference before and after intervention was more in the experimental group than in the control group (t > 2.835, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Group occupational training can improve the cognitive function of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment and improve their activities of daily living and quality of life.

Molecular typing and drug resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital environment / 上海预防医学

[Objective] To investigate the prevalence, drug resistance and molecular characteristics of MRSA in hospital environment, so as to provide basis for prevention and control of nosocomial MRSA infection. [Methods]Specimens from Dec 2014 to May 2015 were collected from a tertiary hospital in Jing'an District of Shanghai and MRSA strains isolated from hospital environment and characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). [Results]From 316 specimens were detected 46 MRSA strains with contamination rate being 14.6％ (46/316). And 22 (7.0％) were detected to be carriers of MRSA on the surfaces of ICU environment. MRSA had higher resistant rate to cefuroxime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin/sulbactam, erythrocin, gentamycin than MSSA, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). A total of 8 PFGE patterns were identified among the 14 MRSA isolates, which were mostly similar from one clone. [Conclusion] MRSA strains isolated from ICU in this hospital are multi-resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones and macrolides. There is clonal pollution in the environment. It is necessary to decrease the contamination rates between patients and environment, health care workers and environment, also it is worthwhile to increase the disinfection rate of environment.

A new fatty acid methyl ester from Fissistigma oldhamii inhibiting proliferation of synoviocytes / 中国中药杂志

A new fatty acid methyl ester (1) was isolated from an EtOH extract of Fissistigma oldhamii. It structures was elucidated by a combination of HR-ESI-MS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, and IR spectroscopic data. The inhibitory effect of compound 1 on the proliferation of primary synovial cells was evaluated. As a result, it showed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of synoviocytes, with IC₅₀ value of 38.6 μmol·L⁻¹.

Establishment of cardiac remodeling model in FVB/N mice by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (ISO) to induce cardiac remodeling in FVB/N mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight FVB/N mice were divided into back subcutaneous saline group (subcutaneous saline group), intraperitoneal saline group, back subcutaneous ISO group (subcutaneous ISO group), and intraperitoneal ISO group according to the route of administration of saline or ISO. ISO (30 μg/g body weight/day) was given to the subcutaneous ISO group and the intraperitoneal ISO group, twice daily with an interval of 12 hours, for 14 consecutive days. The subcutaneous saline group and the intraperitoneal saline group were injected with an equal volume of saline. The left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness was measured by echocardiography, and the ratio of heart weight to tibia length was determined. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine the myocardial fiber diameter. Picric-sirius red staining was used to determine the myocardial collagen deposition area. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of collagen I.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the subcutaneous ISO, subcutaneous saline, and intraperitoneal saline groups, the intraperitoneal ISO group had increased sizes of the cardiac cavity and the heart. Compared with the subcutaneous saline and intraperitoneal saline groups, the subcutaneous ISO group showed no significant changes in the gross morphology of the cardiac cavity and the heart. The intraperitoneal ISO group showed significant increases in the ratio of heart weight to tibia length, myocardial fiber diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness, myocardial collagen area percentage, and the mRNA expression of collagen I compared with the subcutaneous ISO, subcutaneous saline, and intraperitoneal saline groups (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the above five indices between the subcutaneous ISO group and the subcutaneous saline and intraperitoneal saline groups (P>0.05). No significant difference in the mortality rate was found between the subcutaneous ISO and intraperitoneal ISO groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intraperitoneal injection of ISO can induce cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in FVB/N mice.</p>

Effects of Jinwu Jiangu recipe on IL-17/STAT3 signals in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes / 中国中药杂志

This paper aimed to investigate the effects of Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract on the IL-17/STAT3 signals in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts(RASF). The primary RASFs were cultured by tissue piece method ， and divided into blank control group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe low dose group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe middle dose group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe high dose group， and tripterygium glycosides control group. They were then treated with corresponding serum free medium， different doses of Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract(0.06， 0.6， 6.0 g·L⁻¹)， and tripterygium glycosides(0.03 g·L⁻¹) respectively for 24 hours. The gene expression levels of RORα， RORγt， and STAT3 mRNA were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)， and the protein activity of IL-17R and pSTAT3 were measured by Western blot assay. The results showed that as compared with blank control group， the expression levels of RORα， RORγt， IL-17R and STAT3 mRNA in RASF were significantly declined(<0.01). As compared with tripterygium glycosides control group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract middle dose group and high dose group can down-regulate the expression levels of RORα， RORγt， IL-17R and STAT3 mRNA(<0.05)， and the effect was more obvious in high dose group(<0.01). As compared with blank control group， the protein expression levels of IL-17R and pSTAT3 in each treatment group were obviously decreased(<0.01). As compared with tripterygium glycosides control group， Jinwu Jiangu recipe high dose group had more obvious effect in down-regulating the protein expression of pSTAT3(<0.01). Therefore， Miao medicine Jinwu Jiangu recipe total extract can down-regulate the expressions of RORα， RORγt， and STAT3 mRNA， and inhibit the protein activity of IL-17R and pSTAT3 in RASF.

Effect of Zhenwu Tang on regulating of "AVP-V2R-AQP2" pathway in NRK-52E cells / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Zhenwu Tang on AVP-V2R-AQP2 pathway in NRK-52E cells . Forty eight male SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups with 6 animals in each group. Distilled water or 22.68 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ Zhenwu Tang(calculated by raw drug dosage meter) was given by gavage. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture， and the medicated serum was centrifuged from the blood by 3 000 r·min⁻¹. NRK-52E cells were treated with different medicated serum or dDAVP. The condition of cell proliferation was detected by RTCA. The distribution of V2R and AQP2 in cells were detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of V2R， PKA and AQP2 were detected by Western blot and AQP2 mRNA level was detected by real-time PCR. Results showed that the level of AQP2 mRNA(<0.01) and protein expression of V2R， PKA and AQP2(<0.05， <0.01， <0.05) of Z7d group which was treated with Zhenwu Tang medicated serum for 24 h were significantly higher than that of normal rat serum group. And the expression level of V2R， p-AQP2 and AQP2(<0.01， <0.05， <0.01) of Z7d+dDAVP group were significantly increased comparing to normal rat serum group. The results indicate that the applying of Zhenwu Tang medicated serum could increase the expression level of V2R， PKA and AQP2 which exist in AVP-V2R-AQP2 pathway in NRK-52E， and there is synergistic effect between Zhenwu Tang medicated serum and dDAVP. So the pathway of AVP-V2R-AQP2 may be one of the mechanism for which Zhenwu Tang regulate balance of water transportation.

Advance in Riluzole for Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling disease usually caused by trauma. The treatment and nursing of SCI patients has brought great economic burden to the society. This article introduced the mechanism of riluzole in treating spinal cord in-jury, including blocking Na+channels, reducing glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, promoting the expression of neuro-trophic factors, and alleviating cellular oxidative stress damage and apoptosis, and the research progress on clinical trials of riluzole.

Research Related to Neural Protection of Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Preconditioning after Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Repeated acute intermittent hypoxia promotes the expression of growth factors and neurotrophic factors, as well as the key molecules for neural protection and plasticity. Hypoxic preconditioning may improve the survival rate of transplant-ed stem cells and protect the neural function. Meanwhile, acute intermittent hypoxia can be an approach to improve re-spiratory function after spinal cord injury. Hyperbaric oxygen may improve the neural tolerance to hypoxia and isch-emia, to protect the structure of cells and tissues, and promote the neuranagenesis. It is important to study the role of hy-poxic and hyperoxic preconditioning in spinal cord injury.

Effect of hydrogen molecule on apoptosis-related proteins and Nrf2 signa-ling pathway in glomerular mesangial cells cultured with high glucose / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the role of hydrogen molecule on apoptosis-related proteins in glomerular me-sangial cells cultured with high glucose and to explore its possible mechanism.METHODS:Mouse glomerular mesangial cells cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:normal control group(C group,5.5 mmol/L glucose),mannitol group(G group,5.5 mmol/L glucose+19.5 mmol/L mannitol),high glucose group(H group,25 mmol/L glucose),high glu-cose+hydrogen-rich water group(HH group,25 mmol/L glucose+hydrogen-rich water),and cultured for 48 h.The pro-tein levels of Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-3,nuclear factor E2-related factor-2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1)were determined by Western blot ,and the mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 was determined by RT-PCR.The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by dihydro-ethidium method,and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)was measured by WST-8 assay.RESULTS:Compared with C group,the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were up-regulated,and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in H group(P <0.05).No significantly difference of the protein levels mentioned above between C and HH group was observed. Compared with H group,the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were down-regulated,and Bcl-2 was up-regulated in HH group(P <0.05).The level of intracellular ROS was higher and the activity of SOD was lower in H group than those in C group(P<0.05).However,there was no difference of the SOD activity between C group and HH group.The level of intracellular ROS decreased and the activity of SOD increased in HH group as compared with H group(P<0.05). Compared with C group,clearly reduced protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO-1,and decreased mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO-1 in H group were observed(P<0.05).Compared with H group,the protein levels of Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO-1 as well as the mRNA levels of HO-1 and NQO-1 were obviously increased in HH group(P<0.05 ).CONCLU-SION:Hydrogen molecule inhibits the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and induces the expression of anti-apoptotic pro-teins in glomerular mesangial cells cultured with high glucose.The mechanism may be related to activation of Nrf 2 signaling pathway.